These critics who employed their thoughts and pens in the service of the masses criticized ignorance, injustice and despotism, and since they were experienced authorities on literature, they attacked the writers and poets whose works served despotism. These criticisms were the first seeds of modern literary criticism sown in the field of social and political life, which has helped the young tree of literary criticism to bear fruit.

The product of four years of research work by the author in this field, are worth considering because it can indicate the contributions made by distinguished social and political reformists of Iran in the nineteenth century.

The author is well-known to researchers in the field of Iranian studies. The publication of this book is useful in familiarizing the readers with one of the most crucial aspects of progressive and critical thought in the Iranian modern era.

The Persian edition of this book, entitled Roshangaran-e Irani va Nagd-e Adabi was well-received by academic circles, book critics and readers.